Management Report Example

Management report example can be defined as a specified formal written document that adjacent a business institution profit, as well as, loss rates. Normally, the idea behind any report is to outline how the company performed, as well as, define what issues it faced throughout the years. Management reports mostly divide institutional profits and losses by divisions, customers, products/services and geographic location. Management report example is normally conducted by middle managers who acquire their data from all kinds of systems, including computers, other reports, and financial statements. Management reports are generally conducted by private companies, though public organizations are also known to produce such type of reports for the exact same reason. Management Report for Microsoft Corporation 1. Company Progress Summary Microsoft Windows 10 Operating System is generally considered to be a successful investment of time and resources due to the fact that it surpassed sales expectations, as well as, consumer satisfaction rate. Clearly, by the end of the development cycle, the company faced mixed opinions from the public sector regarding the new â€Å"Start† button within the system. However, despite critical implications, the end result was more than satisfying, both for consumers and Microsoft alike. 1.1 Milestones During the development process of the new operating system, the company reached all milestones in time and offered a high quality product by the end. The following table represents all critical achievements the team met during project development. Table 1 Milestone Baseline Date Target Date Impact of achievement Create UI design 8.02.2015 10.02.2015 Development of the User Interface (UI) progressed the work due to the fact that coders were able to adapt system libraries. Program system library 19.03.2015 20.03.2015 Development of system libraries enabled the sound department to fully implement and adjust all critical system signals Firewall Implementation 20.05.2015 25.05.2015 In-time development of firewall system fully removed the necessity to develop a specific security mechanism within the browser 2. Budget Funding Sources The following table represents a brief list of financial income and expenses made during the development process of the new operating system. Table 2 Source of funding Funded Spent Stakeholders $ 2 500 000 $ 2 000 000 Governmental funding $ 500 000 $ 500 000 Shareholders $ 600 000 $ 500 000 Total project funding $ 3 600 000 $ 3 000 000 3. Comments The whole development process featured several unexpected expenses since the team that was responsible for debugging lacked proper equipment. Furthermore, the marketing campaign had to be revised several times due to development shifts made by the team during the development cycle. Another massive unexpected expense was made by the logistic department. All other expenses went on development process as noted in project funding. 4. Recommendations In order to reduce future unexpected expenses, it would be beneficial to develop a training program that would address issues such as personal time management, debugging speed, and coding efficiency. Moreover, it is of utmost importance to develop a dedicated debugging department since it was the core reason of additional expenses. References Financial management report: Department for International Development. (2011). Great Britain. Guidelines for auditing process safety management systems. (2011). Hoboken, N.J. Myerson, T. (2015). The next generation of Windows: Windows 10. Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved 7 July 2016, from https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/01/21/the-next-generation-of-windows-windows-10/ Penner, S. (2013). Economics and financial management for nurses and nurse leaders. Springer Publishing Company. Roper, B. (2012). Practical law office management. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.

Ctlls 003 Assessment - 1792 Words

Key Concepts and the Principles of Assessment â€Å"Assessment focuses on the learners’ performance. It is about measuring achievement, both ongoing (formative) and at the end of the programme (summative).† Wallace. S (2007: 118) Assessment is a process through which we gauge a learners level and progression, ensuring learning is taking place and the learner is developing their skills and knowledge. Susan Wallace recognises the importance of assessment as more than a means of determining learner achievement but also â€Å"as an indicator of the quality of learning.† (2007: 119) discussing the need for ‘ongoing assessment’ to evaluate how receptive learners are to the lessons. The key concepts of assessment, as outlined by Reece and Walker,†¦show more content†¦Lastly, Ipsative assessment is the self-assessment process undertaken by the learner to assess their own learning and achievements from the course/programme. This also identifies any needs a learner may have for the future if they are to progress further and again act as feedback to the tutor to develop and adjust the course/programme for future learners. Ipsative assessment can be supported by the teacher or conducted independently by the learner. Evaluation of Assessment Methods The importance of selecting appropriate assessment methods suitable to a course/programme is noted by Jonathan Tummons as a freedom of choice by the tutor which will vary according to context (2011: 49). Initial assessment methods for example will be dependent upon the level of entry and the type of course/study of programme. For a practical course such as Silversmithing and Jewellery Design it would be appropriate to set a practical task to assess a learners level and competency within the workshop, establishing their suitability. However, for students applying for a beginners course where they are expected to be introduced to working with metal, a practical task would be an unfair assessment and therefore an interview would be more appropriate to meet the prospective learner, gauge any

Global Privacy Bridges Technical and Legal

Question: Discuss about the Global Privacy Bridges for Technical and Legal. Answer: Introduction: As a student studying International Business and Management, I intend to pursue my career in the arena of international law management, so as to provide solutions to the legal problems as encountered by various global organizations. Accordingly, I intend to work in either of the two organizations, stated below, after the completion of my current course: Norton Rose Fullbright- Established in the year of 1794, the Norton Rose Fullbright has emerged to be one of the most reliable international law firms of Canada, known for hiring lawyers and legal staffs more than 3800 each year (Cavusgil et al., 2014). The organization has been ranked among the top 5 law firms of Canada, and is known for offering legal solutions to organizations of US, Canada, Middle East, Asia and others. I would like to assume the role of an Associate Lawyer, entrusted with the duty of reviewing and drafting legal paperwork for global organizations. My job role would also include negotiation of contracts, review of employment agreements and supervision of the legal interests of the client firms. DLA Piper is the name of another reputed global law firm located at Canada, which I consider to be alternative option to work in. The firm works with the business organizations of more than forty countries for helping business clients get authentic solutions to problems. I want to work under the designation of a legal executive here (Spiekerman Novorthy, 2015) . As a legal executive I would be responsible for writing the legal documents, assisting the solicitors and dealing with legal matters keeping myself updated with the changes in the laws and regulations. Aster asking the above questions to the business lawyer, I became aware that as a legal expert, I would be expected to argue a clients case, negotiates deals for him and also would resolve legal troubles on global firms. In case, I intend to pursue this career, it might take time to flourish, and yet the vocation has a high potential for high income. However, I might consider enhancing my knowledge of business laws, by pursuing an undergraduate course in Business Law. Reference List: Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Spiekermann, S., Novotny, A. (2015). A vision for global privacy bridges: technical and legal measures for international data markets.Computer Law Security Review,31(2), 181-200.

Activity Based Costing Organizations - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Activity Based Costing Organizations. Answer: Introduction ABC is an effective accounting tool for manufacturing organizations. The costing methodology that identifies organizational activities and assigns the cost of each activity is known as Activity-based Costing (ABC). This methodology is used to help the organization in reaching the true cost and profitability by improving costing accuracy (Kannaiah, 2015). In todays advanced competitive and manufacturing environment, exact costing knowledge is vital for all the kinds of businesses, such as merchandizing firms, manufacturing firms, and service firms (Fei Isa, 2010). ABC has progressively fascinated the attention of researchers and practitioners as one of the strategic tools that help managers for better decision-making. Asia-Pacific region is a developing section of the world attracting manufacturing units from all over the world. ABC provides vital business intelligence which makes it a much-needed accounting tool for the manufacturing organizations. However, despite its merits, ABC i s not termed as a very popular option adopted by many organizations (Askarany, 2016). The essay critically evaluates the usefulness of ABC in modern manufacturing organizations in the Asia Pacific region. Usefulness of ABC Use of ABC as an accounting system in a manufacturing organization is one of the most attractive topics for researchers. As Davood Askarany says that researches on the capability, adoption, usefulness, and diffusion of ABC as a solution to overcome the lacking of traditional cost and management accounting practices in its efficiency and capability, has been an interesting topic from last three decades. Especially, in the developing countries like Oman ABC is catching interest of the managers (Askarany, 2016). Many researchers and practitioners emphasizes on using the new cost system like ABC. Like Cardos Pete says that ABC permits better tracing of object cost, financial and non-financial analysis, superior allocation of overheads to costs of objects, and measures that are useful to management and managers in the decision-making process (Cardos Pete, 2011). Still many organizations after adopting ABC system is not able to gain from it. Fei and Isa have given a suggestion in their r esearch paper that many organizations fail to gain success from ABC due to the different contextual factors faced by each organization (Fei Isa, 2010). It is important to understand the factors affecting the organization and then the implementation of the accounting system will be a success. The ABC accounting system can be termed as a blessing for many organizations as it brought not only success through profits but enhanced and supported the decision taking methods of organization (Fang Ng, 2011). But it is a lot of time to reach the objectives of the company. To support it, an example of a Chinese company Xu Ji is given here. In 2003, Xu Ji adopted ABC which helped in decreasing the large amount of manual book keeping work. It helped the company in surviving Chinas free market competition which was not possible with an inaccurate traditional accounting system that the company was following till 2003. It successfully traced the direct labor costs to client contract and product and allocated manufacturing overheads by current direct labor hours. By 2010, the ABC system was effectively implemented and resulted in an increase of record annual sales of 50% and 13% of profit margin (Liu Pan, 2011). This was a very long wait for the company to reach the profit expected to be earned by it. Hence, using ABC was a decision that cost the company a lot of time in which a number of changes happened. This is the reason that many companies discontinue the use of ABC system after implementing it. ABC is a vital tool for increasing the bottom line and top line the same time. ABC enables to set competitive pricing which is very important in the competitive market of Asia-Pacific region (Kannaiah, 2015). It allows companies to review its products for the adjustment of price and reveal the opportunities to decrease the cost via continuous process improvement and better product designing. But there is a strong reason why it is not benefiting all the companies, and that is the change of factors affecting the market of the country. For example, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Company of Florida faced an increasingly complex and competitive market place in the healthcare manufacturing market. To stand in the competition, management adopted ABC with the aim of The cost for Pricing project which meant to radically look at the cost structure of the company and coming up with a competitive pricing. The cost of pricing provided the strategic activity cost information and were designed to be fl exible and were able to identify the opportunities of the market and operating issues (Kannaiah, 2015). The information generated via ABC system increased the confidence of manager in coating the products prices as it was more competitive than before. This increased the competitive advantage of the organization but was not a success in the long run as the company failed to implement it with the same zeal as the market grow (Banker, Bardhan, Chen, 2008). The other reason for adopting ABC system for accounting is the criticizing of the traditional costing techniques. The traditional costing techniques are taken as inefficacious for the organizational operations in an era of quickly changing global and technological competition (Coners, 2007). But there are many factors that do not allow it to be used effectively. As a study was taken up by Mr. Sengphanich on Thai manufacturing firms, state that many Thai firms has adopted ABC system to improve their operation as it is an efficient management tool (Sengphanich, 2007). The study shows that about 25% of Thai manufacturing organizations have adopted ABC. 20.6% are evaluating it as an option and 1.65% has adopted ABC, but has abandoned it and 47.8% did not even consider it as an option (Sengphanich, 2007). This shows that even if peers think ABC as a great option to be used still manufacturing organizations are not considering it for adoption. There are many merits in the ABC accounting tool that favors the manufacturing organizations of the Asia-Pacific region but, still, the adoption rate of is not as high as expected. Also, many firms have abandoned it after the implementation. The factors that stop a firm to adopt ABC as the accounting tool of the company or discontinue it after implementing are considered here to evaluate the usefulness of the accounting system (Charles Hansen, 2008). As per the studies conducted the major flaw of ABC accounting system the difficulties an organization faces with the complexity of the implementation of the system. There is a general lack of knowledge and expertise about the ABC accounting system as it is a modern technique. The high cost of the implementation of the accounting system increases the costing for the manufacturers which discourages them in adopting the system (Carnegie Napier, 2010). As, Asia-Pacific region comprises mainly of developing countries the number of small manufacturers is more which makes it more difficult more them to adopt and bear the implementation cost of the accounting system. ABC is a whole new process that is needed to be learned by the managerial department which increases the amount of work for them (Cardos Pete, 2011). This makes it a time-consuming process as it needed to be integrated with the existing accounting system. ABC is not very clear in peoples mind. They are still uncertain about the benefits of ABC, and thus, are reluctant to adopt as the accounting system for their firms. Lastly, people living in Asia-Pacific region are very much attached to their traditional ways which make them a difficult people to adopt the changes that ABC brings in the accounting system as well as in the costing structure of the organization. All these points decrease or hide the usefulness of the accounting tool and act as the critical catalyst that ar e coercing organizations to discontinue ABC implementation (Bushong, Talbott, Cornell, 2008). Conclusion ABC accounting tool is one of the most popular costing methods that overcomes the lacking of traditional accounting system and gets more accurate and reliable cost information that produces the true cost of each activity taking place during manufacturing. Asia-Pacific region is acting as a core for manufacturing unit set-up and acts as a best place to analyse the usefulness of the ABC system. Manufacturing units those who have adopted ABC as their accounting tool are enjoying its benefits and standing efficiently in todays competitive market. Even it is a very popular accounting tool still, ABC has not reached the level of acceptance as expected, but there are no reasons that can act as a major flaw in the ABC accounting system. As shown in the studies mentioned above, ABC is developing as a useful tool for the manufacturing units not only in terms of cost benefits, but as a support to managers in the decision-making. With the increasing modern approach in the manufacturing business a more defined and refined accounting tool is required by the organization to stand against the competition of the global market which traditional accounting tools are not able to provide. People need a better understanding of the tool to implement it and take its benefits. Hence, the essay concludes that ABC is an effective and useful accounting tool for the manufacturing units in the Asia-Pacific region that can be used to get the accurate cost of all the activities of the organization but more awareness and certainty is required to make it approachable and acceptable. References Askarany, D. (2016). Attributes of Innovation and Management Accounting Changes.Contemporary Management Research,12(4). Banker, R., Bardhan, I., Chen, T. (2008). The role of manufacturing practices in mediating the impact of activity-based costing on plant performance.Accounting, Organizations And Society,33(1), 1-19. Bushong, J., Talbott, J., Cornell, D. (2008). Instructional CaseActivity-based Costing Incorporating both Activity and Product Costing.Accounting Education,17(4), 385-403. Cardos, I. Pete, S. (2011).Activity-based Costing (ABC) and Activitybased Management (ABM) Implementation Is This the Solution for Organizations to Gain Profitability?(1st ed.). Romania: Babes-Bolyai University. Carnegie, G. Napier, C. (2010). Traditional accountants and business professionals: Portraying the accounting profession after Enron.Accounting, Organizations And Society,35(3), 360-376. Charles, S. Hansen, D. (2008). An evaluation of activity-based costing and functional-based costing: A game-theoretic approach.International Journal Of Production Economics,113(1), 282-296. Coners, A. (2007). Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing.Controlling,19(6), 343-346. Fang, Y. Ng, S. (2011). Applying activity?based costing approach for construction logistics cost analysis.Construction Innovation,11(3), 259-281. Fei, Z. Isa, C. (2010). Factors Influencing Activity-Based Costing Success: A Research Framework.International Journal Of Trade, Economics And Finance,1(2), 144-150. Kannaiah, D. (2015). Activity-based Costing (ABC): Is It a Tool for Company to Achieve Competitive Advantage?.International Journal Of Economics And Finance,7(12), 275. Liu, L. Pan, F. (2011).Activity-based costing in China: a case study of Xu Ji Electric Co. Ltd(1st ed., pp. Volume 7 Issue 13). China: CIMA. Sengphanich, U. (2007).The Characteristics of the activity-based costing practice in Thai manufacturing firms(1st ed.). Australia: University of South Australia.

The Amazing Rubidium Essay Example

The Amazing Rubidium Essay To start off this amazing element has just a little bit of history to it. At first when I heard about this element I thought it was some type of gas but it can turn it to a liquid at a certain type of liquid. But is actually a very shiny type of metal. Rubidium was discovered by Kirchoff and Bunsen in 1861 through the use of a spectroscope. Rubidium metal can be made by minimizing rubidium chloride with calcium with other substances. The cost of this metal in small quantities is approximately 25 U. S. dollars a gram. This element is obtained in the earths crust which is very useful to people. It is the sixteenth most abundant element in the earth crusts which is very common. The exact atomic mass of Rubidium is 85. 4678. The color of this element is a silvery white. The odor of this element smells like a dense type of liquid metal. Rubidium can be both a liquid and a solid at room temperature. It reacts violently with potassium and caesium. This reaction is so strong that it is possible that usually it could light on fire to a yellowish color. Rubidium acts violently with many things like gold, cesium, sodium, and potassium. The density at room temperature of rubidium is exactly 1. 32g cm -3 and the density of rubidium at its liquid state is 1. 46g cm -3. The melting point of this element is 312. 46 K, 39. 31 C Â °, and 102. 76 Â ° F and the boiling point is 961 K, 688C Â °, and? 1270 Â ° F to be exact. Rubidium for me is a type of element that is very dramatic because it reacts with many other elements and is a good conductor of electricity which can generate an elec trical current. Rubidium can conduct electricity because its ions forms heat at a high temperature and goes through a magnetic field and therefore it is a good conductor of electricity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amazing Rubidium specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Amazing Rubidium specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Amazing Rubidium specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The things that I think that’s interesting about rubidium are that it is used in vacuum tubes as a material that combines with and carries away gases from vacuum tubes. It is also used in the manufacture of photocells and in special types of glasses. Rubidium can be used as a propellant in ion engines on spacecraft which is awesome. Also, rubidium is used with CO2 which is used in very powerful types of guns. I was using rubidium all of this time and I didn’t even know. Another interesting thing about rubidium is that it was discovered by accident. While the German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchoff were analyzing amples of lepidolite with the spectroscope. Rubidium is such a good conductor of electricity that the electricity can travel at the speed of sound which is approximately 1300 meters a second. Rubidium reacts with many elements like mercury, gold, cesium, sodium, and potassium. Surprisingly rubidium can ignite if it comes in contact with air which will turn a yellowish color when ignited. Due to this it must always be kept inside things like dry mineral oil or in a vacuum. Rubidium is very flammable and can ignite with many things like air or hydrogen and it is not explosive. Rubidium is very poisonous and can possibly kill someone. If rubidium touches the heart it will immediately due to its poison. Rubidium is less poisonous then potassium though. It can affect the human by killing them or possibly sending them to the hospital. Rubidium is only dangerous to the environment when it comes in contact with air and other chemicals. Rubidium has many uses. It is a very good conductor of electricity; it is used to locate brain tumors, because of its slight radioactivity which is pretty cool. It is a working fluid in vacuum tubes. This element is used in atomic clocks because of its hyperfine structure energy levels. It can also be used as an ingredient in several special types of glass and a photocell component. Rubidium is has the highest room temperature conductivity of any ionic crystal. It is also used for film batteries and has the same conductivity of sulfuric acid at 20 Celsius. Rubidium’s vapor is use to make atomic magnetometers. Rb is currently being used, with other alkali metals, in the making of spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometers. Rubidium chloride is most likely the most-used compound in biochemistry to induce cells to take up DNA. Rubidium cannot possibly be recycled.

Planted History essays

Planted History essays There would be no environmental history without a human context. Californias Yosemite Valley has an organic and geological history written in its plants and rock formations and a silent history that took place on the tails of Manifest Destiny , where the landscape was merely a setting for a human plot that is largely excluded from institutional memory today. The subjective telling of Yosemites past through both text and image maps the American consciousness of a celebrated national park. By drawing from Rebecca Solnits Water, or Forgetting the Past: Yosemite National Park, The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West by John Muir, and several period artistic interpretations of the area one can conclude that the idealized landscape of Yosemite is made not only of natural formations but cultural constructions of the past that carry into present day. In Water, or Forgetting the Past: Yosemite National Park Rebecca Solnit attempts to measure the cultural impact of a nature reserve whose violent human history was, and remains, dominated by omissive media. The laws that protect Yosemite National Park elevate it to a status above commonplace earth. As Victorians mixed their taste for scenery with piety and sought hard for traces of a God (256) Yosemite carved a spiritual niche for itself and became a standard by which other nature could be measured. During this time the language used for describing art, landscapes and spirituality overlapped, nature meant not only the material and observable world but the natural state of man in contrast to a state of grace. The park was signed into existence by Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. Yosemite was created at a time in American history burdened with discord and on the heels of an artistic and intellectual movement known as romanticism. Yosemite became a vehicle for American pride and patriotism, embodying not only...

Ursula burns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ursula burns - Essay Example At a young age, Burns exhibited unequaled interest and capability in mathematics thus prompting her to like mathematics throughout her learning years (West Hartford). Burns’ mother acted as an immense inspiration for being able to cater for own three children single handedly thus giving her inner strength as well as courage. All through her life, almost each thing seemed extremely hard including utter deterrent from people who constantly told her how unlucky she was because been black, underprivileged and more so of being a woman. However, Burns’ mother tried to equivocate all those discouragements get into her and constantly reminded own daughter that, where she was will not in anyway delineate her future (â€Å"Embassy of the United States of America†). Back then, she anticipated of embracing nursing career, nun or if not those a teacher. Since, all these aspirations descended from the influence of their teachers in catholic schools where she schooled while undertaking high school studies. Conversely, not all the three options did prompt her feel contented as her ambition was to become an engineer, hence defying careers that her tutors were advising her to undertake (â€Å"Lean In†). Nursing this dream and actualizing it did not seem that easy but due to constant encouragements especially from the mother as well as her high school, Cathedral High School she eventually managed (Robertson 3). Due to her proficiency in mathematics, she ended up schooling in Polytechnic Institute of new York University (Smith 1903). Here she chose a career path, which majority of the students was men and mostly the whites thus joining few females dared to pursue engineering. Initially, she opted to undertake chemical engineering but eventually changing to mechanical engineering for she thought it suited her more than the former. After her Bachelor of Science degree in engineering, she proceeded to Columbia University for a graduate program (Smith

World war I Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World war I - Assignment Example Women have played their role equally in the war as compared to men. In the poetic thought Jessie Pope has shown the woman as brave and gallant and she has dealt with the delicacies of war in a more professional way and she has proved as a star in filling the minds of young men with loyalty and patriotism. She has expressed in her poem â€Å"The Call† that trenches are very horrible place and she is actually provoking the men that it is the duty of men and it’s not the duty of women that they have to face the horrible situations. So there is a concept that women are not too much powerful like men so it’s the duty of men that they must have to face the difficulties of war. Actually in the very poem she is longing that the men must lift their level of bravery and they have to face the war in a braver manner because the military uniform is not for the women rather it more suits to men. It is the duty of men that they look sober in shouting and shooting while women ar e not born for such deeds. So from the very idea of the poem â€Å"The Call† by Jessie Pope it is evident that war is a more suitable topic for poetry because it has a number of aspects which can be expressed in a poem in a more powerful

A National PE Curriculum Model or a Program Framework Research Paper

A National PE Curriculum Model or a Program Framework - Research Paper Example SEPEP is distinguished from any other physical education programs mainly by its focus on the staging of a sports tournament. Throughout the program, the students organize and manage the sporting competition. It is expected that they would learn about sports effectively at the same time gain practical and theoretical insights with respect to the roles and dynamics of sports in real life. In this vein, one also recalls the main characteristic and goal of the authentic model, which is to teach sports by creating an authentic setting and experience for learners. Particularly, there is an emphasis on the diversity of roles. The authentic model makes sure that students do not merely participate as players but also take the role of referee, scorekeepers, record takers, performance reporters, coach and team managers. The main difference, however, is that the SEPEP framework is broader for the students with the added responsibility of having to organize the sporting event itself. This is part icularly important especially when one takes into account a recognized theory that, in order for physical education to be effective – that it exerts a meaningful impact to the students’ life - it must be taught within the social context as enacted in the community (Burrows, Macdonald & Wright, p. 64). The idea is that students are in a better position to learn concepts such as teamwork, fitness and fair play, among others. The SEPEP as teaching framework is an interesting model. It entails a different approach with respect to the teacher and the students; roles.

Theories of Cultural Criminology

Theories of Cultural Criminology Contemporary Issues in Criminology:  Cultural Criminology Critically discuss its theoretical underpinnings and evaluate whether this theoretical approach serves as a useful explanation of criminal behavior in modern Britain. Cultural criminology is the approach to the investigation of crime that its criminality and its control are based in the context of culture. This means, that institutions of crime control, and crime by it self are seen as products of culture. Cultural criminology’s study is approached with theories, methods, and political analysis. There are two key elements that interact, and cultural criminology wants to pay its attention on this interaction which is between: the ascending and descending of the connection of constructions. It always focuses upon the adjoining generation of meaning around this interaction such as: making and breaking of the rules of law, innovation and infringement in politics. (www.culturalcriminology.org) Particularly, cultural criminology is an observation performed by Ferrell Sanders (1995), and implemented by Redhead (1995) and others and linked specific academic threads to discover the meeting of cultural and criminal procedures in current social life. (Kane 1998) In modern society the crime practice and crime control, with cultural dynamics, are connected and cultural criminology discovers the various ways in which they connect. In other words, what cultural criminology supports, is the idea that the centrality of meaning and representation in the structure of crime as a temporary fact. From this point of view, the traditional ideas of crime and crime awareness to add pictures of illegal behavior and symbolic appearances of law reinforcement, famous culture structures of crime and criminal behavior. Scholars are allowed from this big interest and concentration on culture, and people have better understanding of crime, as remarkable activity, and also comprehends the politics that contest for criminal control. (www.culturalcriminology.org) Cultural criminology unites at a very high level, the clear-sight of sociological criminology with the orientations toward picture and design, which is given by the cultural studies area. Cultural criminology has appeared from a much more mixed co-process of criminology, sociology and of course cultural analysis and this is because of the wide contribution of criminology and culture combined. This appearance was the basic track for the well educated people who worked in association with the Birmingham School of Cultural studies, the National Deviancy Conference, and in Great Britain with the ‘new criminology’ in the 1970s. (www.culturalcriminology.org) After reviewing the kind of modern power, the academics studied the extensions of social level that had to do with culture and ideology. Forbidden subcultures but also easy-going countries (that have another meaning of life), have been observed by those academics. After the observation, they examined what came in between these two different ideologies who guide lawful control and social inspection. (www.culturalcriminology.org) Any regulation that is living and affluent is a topic to ordinary processes of regeneration and refreshment. Criminology is the alike. It has had its humanist Marxist, feminist, and rationalist, between other reappearances and is presently being delighted to one more ‘paradigm shift’ in the shape of a self-styled ‘cultural criminology’. A current unique issue is Theoretical Criminology (2004), which was dedicated to the appearance and predictions of this new kid on the rational block. According to Hayward and Young’s (2004:259) opening essay of the particular topic, cultural criminology is: ‘the placing of crime and its control in the background of culture; that is, observing both crime and the organization of control as cultural products –as inspired creations. (O’Brien 2005, p. 599) The main area that new criminology examines most, is how actors derive meaning, and also looks on how to use the analysis of the examination they are focusing on, to find what leads to breaching the law as every day routine. (ibid.: 260, 266). Understanding its mental heritage in 1960s radicalism and by noticing and observing the strange and not well known subcultures upon that radicalism as more of criminological work, the argument pays attention to its humane certifications and oppositional political motions. â€Å"Indeed, cultural criminology describes it self as, and delights in, working ‘at the margins of ‘mainstream’ criminology, for two reasons, first, because ‘it is here, in these forgotten spaces that the story of crime so often unfolds, and secondly because mainstream criminology is dominated by ‘administrative rationalization and statistical complexity†. (O’Brien 2005, Ferrell 1999 p. 599) Whether a new mental try does not actually stands for what cultural criminology really is, instead of a logical process of past work on different subcultures is still in question, and it is worth it if is a category it self and given a suitable historical reflection. (O’Brien 2005, p. 599) Usually, criminal behavior means sub cultural behavior. Individuals and activities which are known as criminals are formally produced by the limits of different and criminal subcultures. Criminologists have accredited this from the interactionist criminology of the Chicago School and Edwin Sutherland to the sub cultural theories of Cohen, Cloward and Ohlin. (Ferrell, 1995 p.26) Either if it is carried out by a group of people, or just by one person, specific criminal acts are usually set up within incited by sub cultural. Even though the boundaries may still have an inaccurate definition, and the membership may increase in numbers as well as the level of commitment, these subcultures include final human relationships for those who take part in them. â€Å"Biker, hustler, Blood and Crip, all name sub cultural networks as much as individual personalities.†(Ferrell, 1995 p.26) As Sutherland and the Chicago School knew from fifty years ago , and while immeasurable case studies have been certified, criminal subcultures merge not only proximities of personal relationship. To be able to discuss about criminal subculture, the ability to accredit a group of people and a truss of symbols, meaning and education is required. Members of criminal subcultures always adapt and discuss ‘motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes’, they perform a different kind of language, look/style, personality and they take part at a larger or smaller level, in a subculture, a way of life which they chose.(Ferrell, 1995 p.26) The sub cultural meaning mostly action, personality, and status is organized around the style which the subculture’s member decide to have. Delicacies of chosen style, defines what crime means, and difference for sub cultural members, agents of legal control, consumers of intercede crime pictures and other people. We must be clever enough to understand the criminal acts and chosen aesthetics they have for their selves. (Ferrell, 1995 p.26-27) â€Å"Katzs research, for example, has linked criminal acts and aesthetics by examining the styles and symbolic meanings which emerge inside the everyday dynamics of criminal events and criminal subcultures. By paying attention to dark sunglasses and white undershirts, to precise styles of walking, talking, and otherwise presenting ones criminal identity, Katz has sketched the alternative deviant culture, the coherent deviant ‘a’esthetic in which badasses, cholos, punks, youth gang members, and others participate. In these cases, as in other forms of crime on and off the street, the meaning of criminality is anchored in the style of its collective practice. The bikers ritually reconstructed motorcycle, the gang members sports clothing and tattoos, the graffiti writers mysterious street images, and the skinheads violently provocative music constitute the essential cultural and sub cultural materials out of which criminal projects and criminal identities are constructed and displayed. Once again, participation in a criminal subculture, or in the culture of crime, means participation in the symbolism and style, the collective aesthetic environment, of criminality.† (Ferrell, 1995 p.27) A recent study by the British cultural studies tradition to Katz and other new criminologists has concluded that style and symbolism not only bind with the wide social and lawful relations in which these subcultures are caught. Criminal subcultures and their styles accelerate out of school, age, ethnicity, gender and legal inequalities repeat and resist these social wrong lines. This interaction of sub cultural style, inequality and power in turn, reminds of Becker’s classic criminological thoughtless that we have to investigate, criminal subcultures and also legal and political powers who built these subcultures as criminal. After we do the study, we see that these powers (authorities) both opposing to sub cultural styles, and themselves, putting symbolic and stylish strategies of their own against them. The criminalization attempts of legal and political supporters show again the control of cultural forces. In criminalizing cultural and sub cultural actions, and demonstrating for public support, ethical capitalists and legal authorities influence legal and political structures, but possibly more, so structures of mass symbolism and perception. (Ferrell, 1995 p.27, 28) To seize the real meaning of criminalization and crime, cultural criminology should count the powers of criminal subcultures as well as for the powers of mass media. Nowadays, intervene pictures of crime and criminal abuse, is harming as slowly-slowly and by doing that, helps the public to draw opinions and policies that have to do with crime. But obviously these modern cases construct on latest interceded constructions of crime and its control. In the United States, criminalization of marijuana fifty years ago was based on a try to wake people up to see the danger and face it, as unambiguously defective symbol in Los Angeles newspapers. (Ferrell, 1995 p.28) â€Å"In the mid-1960s, shocking media reports of rape and assault placed the circumstance for a permissible campaign in opposition to the Hells Angels; and at approximately the matching time, lawful harassments on British mods and rockers were lawful throughout the medias consumption of sensitive symbols.† In the 1970s, the mutual relations amid the British mass media and criminal justice system formed a discernment that mugging was a terrifying new injures of crime. And throughout the 1980s and untimely 1990s, mediated horror legends justified wars on drugs, gangs, and graffiti in the United States, and shaped instants of mediated moral panic over child cruelty and child pornography in Great Britain.† (Ferrell, 1995 p.28) This concentration on cultural dynamics, the composition of deviant intellectual opinions, the motion behind obedient frontiers, show the probabilities for a reviewable cultural criminology and a kind of postmodern cultural criminology too. Contemporary public, feminist and cultural theories are increasingly moving behind obedient limitations and divide categories to build synthetic, postmodern expectations on cultural and social life. Although grated by their eclectic and divergent parts, these opinions use some same general ideas, between them, the perception that the everyday culture of people and the everyday culture of people and teams merges strong and clashing separations of style and meaning. (Ferrell, 1995 p.36) â€Å"The symbolism and style of social interaction, the culture of everyday life in this way forms a contested political terrain, embodying patterns of inequality, power, and privilege. And these patterns are in turn intertwined with larger structures of mediated information and entertainment, cultural production and consumption, and legal and political authority. As the sort of cultural criminology outlined here develops, it can integrate criminology into these synthetic lines of situated inquiry now emerging under broad headings like postmodernism and cultural studies.† (Ferrell, 1995 p.28) Although grated but their electric and divergent parts, these opinions use some sane general ideas, between them, the perception that the everyday culture of people and teams merges strong and clashing separations of style and meaning. Consequently cultural criminology gives the chance to criminologists, to reinforce their own thoughts and beliefs on crime with perceptive from different areas, but providing at the same time for their colleagues in the studies of culture, sociology of culture, studies on media, and wherever they can adopt their thoughts from, criminalization, and their connection to political and cultural procedures. Folding or breaching the motions of criminology in order to build a cultural criminology, undercuts modern criminology, not more that it extends and vitalizes it. Cultural criminology extends criminology’s sectors contain words conventionally considered external to it like: popular music, style, media operations and texts, and gallery act. Likely, criminology is introduced in contemporary discourses with these worlds and gives a termination of criminological perspectives are very important to them. Crime and culture’s relation, and the wider relation among criminology and modern social, cultural life, are both of them enlighten within cultural criminology. (Ferrell, 1995 p.36-37) References: Ferrell, J. (1995) Culture, Crime, and Cultural Criminology [on-line]. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture. Available from: http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol3is2/culture.html [Accessed 1 March 2008] O’ Briem, M. (2005) what is cultural about cultural criminology? British Journal Criminology, [On-line] Available from: URL: E:UniModulesWhat is Cultural about Cultural Criminology O’Brien 45 (5) 599 British Journal of Criminology.htm [1 [Accessed 2 March 2008]. Ferrell, J. Cultural criminology. Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology [on-line]. Available from: -http://www.culturalcriminology.org/papers/cult-crim-blackwell-ency-soc.pdf

Essay --

The Estate Tax, known as the ‘death tax’ as well as the ‘anti-birth tax’, has been one of the most controversial parts of the United States tax code since its introduction in 1916 (Cagetti & De Nardi, 85). The estate tax is a tax imposed upon assets transferred at the time of the estate holder’s death. Those opposed have named it the â€Å"death tax† as they claim it hurts business activity as well as job creation. However, according to those in favor, the estate tax is an effective way to tax the richest few, and redistribute their wealth, thereby narrowing the gap of inequality. For those in favor, an abolition of the estate tax would impose a â€Å"birth tax† of sorts onto the majority of Americans who have not inherited a large sum of money (Cagetti & De Nardi, 87). The controversial estate tax in the United States is often questioned by many and has been challenged time and time again. However, more emphasis has typically been put o n particular aspects of the tax code where points of dispute are found. In order to fully understand the positions taken by those in favor of the estate tax, and those opposed, it is important to analyze the generality of the tax, as well as the details within it that have been contended over time. Some of the main aspects of the estate tax are taxability, deductions, and exemptions. These aspects are of importance in the context of the ongoing debate, as they most directly educate the tax to those transferring their estate at the time of death. Taxable ‘estate’ assets include those passed along through a will, for example (transfer of property), or the payments or insurances disbursed to beneficiaries of the deceased (IRS, Estate Tax). The IRS considers the transferred assets that are federally taxable t... ... decedent chose to do with their assets. Finally, the very existence of the estate tax puts a significant strain on the overall economy placing undue burdens not only on the rich or on family business, but also those who would be positively affected by the undistorted efforts of those individuals subjected to the tax (Hasset). The federal estate tax, coupled with the local state estate tax have very discouraging and negative effects on not only those taxed, by those that are not (Ebeling). Estate taxation is a highly controversial issue in the United states tax code, and has been appropriately debated from before and since its introduction in 1916. Wether its existence be referred to as the â€Å"death tax†, or its absence as the â€Å"birth tax†, those for and those against have long argued its fundamental validity and appropriateness, its effectiveness, and its contents.

Idealistic vs. materialistic motivation Essay

Both the Americans and the British fought in a more open order with more significant gaps than was the norm in Europe because the general absence of cavalry made the infantry less vulnerable to attack, while the enclosed nature of much of the terrain encouraged deployments that reflected the topography. Heavily-encumbered regular units, maneuvering and fighting in their accustomed formations, were vulnerable in the face of entrenched positions and unsuited to the heavily wooded and hilly terrain of the Canadian frontier; they were also not ideal for the vast expanses of the South. Artillery and fortifications played a smaller role than in conflict in Western Europe. Compared to the armies of Frederick the Great, both the American s and their opponents were lightly gunned. The Americans did not inherit a significant artillery park, while, for both sides, the distances of America and the nature of communications discouraged a reliance on cannon; they were relatively slow to move. As a result, although cannon played a role in battles such as Monmouth Court House, battles were not characterized by the efficient exchanges of concentrated and sustained artillery fire seen in Europe. This benefited the Americans as the British had greater access to artillery, and had used it with considerable success in European campaigns in the Seven Year’s War (French and Indian War). The motivation was more materialistic. We were actually able to unify and motivate these groups even through their separate motivators were so different. But they weren’t mutually exclusive. Today in the United States, we have two kinds of motivators going on at an indigenous level: one is a unification of the population against terrorism, and the other is the preservation of the â€Å"American way. † What we’re trying to motivate ourselves to do – as the nation focuses on the preservation of the American way – is to preserve democracy and the free enterprise system. This two-rack motivator encompasses the right to be free from fear on a daily basis and the right not to have your property destroyed by an enemy force. References: Black, J. (2002). America As a Military Power: From the American Revolution to the Civil War. New York: Praeger/Greenwood.

The Chemistry of Baking Cookies

The Chemistry of Baking Cookies Baking cookies seems simple, especially if you cook pre-made cookie dough, but its really a set of chemical reactions. If your cookies never turn out perfect, understanding their chemistry may help improve your technique. Follow this classic chocolate chip cookie recipe and learn about the ingredients and the reactions that occur throughout the mixing and baking process. Chocolate Chip Cookie Recipe 3/4 cup granulated sugar (sucrose, C12H22O11)3/4 cup brown sugar (caramelized sucrose)1 cup unsalted butter (a fat)1 large egg (consists of water, protein, fat, emulsifier, and albumin)1 teaspoon vanilla extract (for flavor)2-1/4 cups all-purpose flour (contains gluten)1 teaspoon baking soda (sodium bicarbonate,  NaHCO3, which is a weak base)1/2 teaspoon salt (NaCl)2 cups semi-sweet chocolate chips Youll get the best results if you use room temperature eggs and butter. This helps the ingredients mix into the recipe more evenly and means your cookie dough will be room temperature and not cool when you put the cookies in the oven. The fat in the recipe affects the texture of the cookies and browns them, which influences flavor as well as color. Substituting a different fat in place of butter affects the flavor of the cookies and also the texture since other fats (lard, vegetable oil, margarine, etc.) have a different melting point from butter. If you use salted butter, its usually best to reduce the amount of added salt.Preheat oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit. Its important to preheat the oven because if you put the cookies in the oven and the temperature is too low, the dough can spread rather than firm up. This affects the thickness of the cookie, its texture, and how evenly it browns.Mix together the sugar, brown sugar, butter, vanilla, and eggs. Mostly, this is to blend the in gredients so the composition of the cookies will be uniform. For the most part, no chemical reaction occurs at this point. Mixing the sugars with the eggs dissolves some of the sugar in the water from the eggs, so the crystals wont be as large in the cookies. Brown sugar adds caramelized sugar flavor to the cookies. While it doesnt matter what color of eggs you use (white or brown), the size matters, just like measuring all of the other ingredients! If you substitute an egg from a different bird than a chicken, the recipe will work, but the flavor will be different. You dont want to over-mix the ingredients because beating eggs for too long affects the protein molecules in the egg white. Real vanilla and imitation vanilla (vanillin) contain the same flavor molecule, but real vanilla extract has a more complex flavor because of other molecules from the plant. Mix in the flour (a little at a time), baking soda, and salt. You can sift the ingredients together to make sure they are evenly distributed, but sprinkling the salt and baking soda onto the mixture works too. The flour contains gluten, the protein that holds the cookies together, makes them a bit chewy and gives them their substance. Cake flour, bread flour, and self-rising flour could be substituted for all-purpose flour in a pinch, but arent ideal. The cake flour might produce fragile cookies with a finer crumb; the bread flour contains more gluten and could make the cookies tough or too chewy, and the self-rising flour already contains leavening agents that would make the cookies rise.  The baking soda is the ingredient that makes cookies rise. The salt is a flavoring, but also controls the rising of the cookies.Stir in the chocolate chips. This last to ensure the other ingredients are properly mixed and to avoid smashing the chips. The chocolate chips are flavoring. Dont like semi-sweet? Switch it out! Drop rounded teaspoons of the dough about two inches apart on an ungreased cookie sheet. The size of the cookies matters! If you make the cookies too big or put them too close together, the interior of the cookie isnt dont by the time the bottom and edges brown. If the cookies are too small, they may not brown enough by the time the middle is done, giving you rock-hard cookies. Theres no need to grease the cookie sheet. While a light spritz of non-stick spray might not hurt, greasing the pan  adds fat to the cookies and affects how they brown and their texture.Bake the cookies 8 to 10 minutes or until they are light golden brown. Which rack you put the cookies on depends on your oven. Usually, the center rack is fine, but if your cookies tend to get too dark on the bottom, try moving them up one rack. The heating element in a conventional oven is on the bottom. The Baking Process If the ingredients are high quality, measured carefully, and mixed as they should be, chemical magic happens in the oven to make great cookies. Heating sodium bicarbonate causes it to decompose into water and carbon dioxide: 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 H2O CO2 Carbon dioxide gas and water vapor form the bubbles which make cookies rise. Rising doesnt just make cookies taller. It also opens up space to keep the cookie from becoming too dense. Salt slows down the decomposition of baking soda, so the bubbles dont get too big. This could lead to weak cookies or to cookies that fall flat when they come out of the oven. The heat works on the butter, egg yolk, and flour to change the shape of the molecules. The gluten in the flour forms a polymer mesh that works with the albumin protein from the egg white and the emulsifier lecithin from the egg yolk to form the dough and support the bubbles. Heat breaks the sucrose into the simple sugars glucose and fructose, giving each cookie a shiny, light brown crust. When you take the cookies out of the oven, the hot water gases in the cookie contract. The chemical changes that occurred during baking help the cookie keep its shape. This is why undercooked cookies (or other baked goods) fall in the center. After Baking If the cookies arent devoured immediately, the chemistry doesnt end with baking. The humidity of the surroundings affects cookies after they have cooled. If the air is very dry, moisture from the cookies escapes, making them hard. In a humid environment, cookies can absorb water vapor, making them soft. After cookies have completely cooled, they can be placed into a cookie jar or other container to keep them fresh and delicious.

Definition of the Term LD50

Definition of the Term LD50 Definition: The median lethal dose of a substance, or the amount required to kill 50% of a given test population. LD50 is a measurement used in toxicology studies to determine the potential impact of toxic substances on different types of organisms. It provides an objective measure to compare and rank the toxicity of substances. The LD50 measurement is usually expressed as the amount of toxin per kilogram or pound of body weight. When comparing LD50 values, a lower value is regarded as more toxic, as it means a smaller amount of the toxin is required to cause death. The LD50 test involves exposing a population of test animals, typically mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, or even larger animals such as dogs, to the toxin in question. The toxins might be introduced orally, through injection, or inhaled. Because this testing kills a large sample of the animals, it is now being phased out in the United States and some other countries in favor of newer, less lethal methods. Pesticide studies involve LD50 testing, usually on rats or mice and on dogs. Insect and spider venoms can also be compared using LD50 measurements, to determine which venoms are the most deadly to a given population of organisms. Â   Examples: LD50 values of insect venom for mice: Honey bee, Apis mellifera - LD50 2.8 mg per kg of body weightYellowjacket, Vespula squamosa - LD50 3.5 mg per kg of body weight Reference: W.L. Meyer. 1996. Most Toxic Insect Venom. Chapter 23 in University of Florida Book of Insect Records, 2001. http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/ufbir/.

Analyze a film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyze a film - Essay Example The education has led to the exclusion of the brothers from the rest of society. Moreover, the community is also shown to be united and caring. The unity is seen in contribution for support of Delbert trial(Berlinger and Sinofsky 1). The community also is seen as caring as one of the neighbors agrees to drive Delbert home to know the sate of his brother (Berlinger and Sinofsky 1). The film creates various perceptions on people. As a result, people are described based on that perception. An example of identity scripts is the depiction of brothers as poor. The brothers are shown living in poor housing conditions (Berlinger and Sinofsky 1). The reflected appraisal is seen as people view the brothers as being dirty and hence unable to have girlfriends. On the other hand, the lack of girlfriends make society views the brothers as practicing incest. Social comparison is seen through lives of the community. The brothers are depicted as less fortunate and hence attract ridicule of the community. On the other hand, the other part of community is depicted as being fortunate in life. The definitions affect identities of individuals involved as perception about them is based on their conditions (Berlinger and Sinofsky 1). In the film, there is a view that lack of relationship in all the brothers is an indication they are gay. As a result, the semen found on William is believed to be because of sexual interaction with the brother (Berlinger and Sinofsky 1). The brothers are affected by this generalization as they go through the rigorous process of trial. On the other hand, the community is affected by trial, as it is perceived to have neglected the brothers. There are variations of the perspectives in the documentary. One of the Views is the local community view that the brothers are wrongly accused (Berlinger and Sinofsky 1). On the other hand, the outsiders see the death as resulting from intimacy. The locals base their

In what ways does the newspaper media presentation of young black men Essay

In what ways does the newspaper media presentation of young black men affect the self perception of the young people themselves - Essay Example Similarly, the entertainment media have willingly received their prompt from the members of the press, and these inaccurate representations not merely shape race relations but also generate a self-fulfilling prophecy for young black males, whose limitations of achievement can be fixed for them by presentations in the media (Johnson, Adams, Hall, & Ashburn 1997). A widespread stereotype about young black males is that they take part in substance abuse in uneven numbers. Other widespread detrimental stereotypes portrayed in mass media involve the young black male as a drug addict and criminal; there is also a persistent depiction of the young black male intellectually inadequate (Larson 2005). An individual who carries the dishonour of group membership should be equipped for its incapacitating consequences. Studies suggest that young black males are aware that they are denounced as being cognitively inadequate and that they go to school carrying a ‘burden of suspicion’ (Larson 2005: 42), as it is referred to as by psychologist Claude Steele. Such a burden can influence their achievement, attitudes, and perception of their selves (Larson 2005). Likewise, studies discovered that when college men are admonished that their group is regarded inferior at math, their academic performance may realise this prophecy (Markowitz & Jones-Brow n 2000). These stereotypes stay with stigmatised individuals regardless of their accomplishments or status. They should remain vigilant and put up with an extra burden that may impinge on their self-esteem, ambitions, and performance. These stereotypes have the capability of depriving them of their individuality and weaken their efforts to escape from stigmatised roles (Markowitz & Jones-Brown 2000). Even though Black news journalists and principal characters have been steadily growing in number, the significant majority of decision makers in the media remain

UK Immigration Policies Exclude Asylum Seekers Essay

UK Immigration Policies Exclude Asylum Seekers - Essay Example Most of the UK local councils and Government organizations define an asylum seeker as â€Å"someone who enters its territory, seeks refugee status and awaits a decision by its Government on his / her application† (London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, n. d.). This means that anyone who enters the UK territory for some reasons of persecution from another country and applies for a refugee status remains officially an asylum seeker as long as the application remains pending. Asylum seekers whose applications are accepted would become refugees. But, part 6 of the 1999 Immigration and Asylum Act of the UK explains that the term ‘asylum seekers’ also includes those â€Å"who have made no claim for protection under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Optional Protocol of 1967†. The term also includes those people who have children under the age of 18 but failed in their asylum claim (Harvey, 2002: 189). There are researchers who correctly think that a clear-cut definition is lacking for these terms resulting in confusion on a relationship between asylum and international protection (Kourala, 1997: 274). Several countries have their own independent immigration laws and policies to deal with the asylum seekers and the UK has also been pursuing its own immigration policy. The policy has surely an objective to achieve. A close examination of its policies and laws reveal that the policies are guided by the objective of discouraging the increasing number of immigrants entering the country. Available literature on immigration and asylum seekers suggests that majority of the UK people, like the other Europeans, are ready to accept the increasing inflow of immigrants on the condition that immigrants learn all types of skilled work, that they do not seek full welfare benefits and that they accept and adopt the host culture (Liddle and Diamond, 2006: 26).

Life Is Easier Essay Example for Free

Life Is Easier Essay Living today is more comfortable and easier than when your grandparents were children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Recently, my grandparents often recall how difficult their lives were when they were young, claiming that my generation has much easier lives than they had. I agree with them. In fact, life today is much more comfortable and easier than it was in my grandparents’ youth for some reasons. First, technology has made modern-day life much more comfortable than in the past. During my grandparents’ time, life was rough and hard because all the work was done without any modern tool, so they had to do their laundry by hand, walked from one place to another by feet. Furthermore, there was limited in entertainment choices in the past. They could at best listen to the radio or perhaps watch a black-and-white movie for pleasure. Today, however, living has become a lot easier thanks to technological developments. We launder our clothes with washing machine, uses buses, subways, or cars to move around. We also enjoy home theater systems, DVDs, and video games. Technology has definitely improved our lives. In addition, people today have more leisure time than they did before. People no longer have to work very long hours like my grandparents did. Since my grandparents were farmers, they had to work in the rice field all day long even without resting on weekends. In contrast, many people today, including my parents, simply work from nine to five on weekdays and take weekends off. They therefore have much free time than my grandparents did, so they can spend more time on leisure activities. They go to the movies, go to the gym, or take trips. All these activities have positive affect on their quality of living. In conclusion, people today have more comfortable and easier lives than in the past. This is the results of technological developments and the extra leisure time available. These factors will make our live even more comfortable in the future.

Personal Life of Babe Ruth :: essays research papers

Not all American legends live a wonderful life. For example, there was Babe Ruth. In the early years of the 1900's, the baseball life of 'The Great Bambino' had begun. The legend of Babe Ruth, born George Ruth, Jr., is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player. For instance, everybody knows how great a hitter Babe was, and virtually invented the homerun. But, not everybody knows what a great person he was when it came to children. Babe Ruth possessed the attribute of being brutal and incorrigible. He had many distinct characteristics. He is known primarily for his great baseball exploits and secondary as a man who stayed out late before every game and partied until there was no one left to party with. There is more behind the story of Babe Ruth than just baseball and parties. For instance, as a boy, Ruth was your average youth who got himself into a little too much trouble and really paid the price for it. He stole from stores, he skipped school, and chewed tobacco at the age of seven. His father often beat him because he thought young George was incorrigible. So his father took him to an orphanage. Not only did his father sent him to an orphanage, but signed over custody of his son to the Xaverian Brothers, whom were missionaries that ran St. Mary?s. St. Mary?s was the orphanage that Babe Ruth grew up at. Even though Babe did not realize it at the time, he came into a good thing. That?s where he met Brother Matthias, his mentor. Brother Matthias took young Ruth under his wing and taught him to read, write, do needle work, play baseball, and right from wrong. Ruth showed startling natural talent with a bat, so Brother Matthias tried to round young George into a complete baseball player by teaching him to pitch and outfield. Ruth said, ?Brother Matthi as was the greatest man I ever knew?. Soon after, Babe changed the game of baseball. Ruth is perhaps the most recognized player in Major league Baseball history. Where he was, the fans followed, the attendance was always the greatest in his presence. He is by far America?s greatest sports hero. Aside from being a great ball player, he was also a husband and a father. He cared more for his family than he liked to show. Personal Life of Babe Ruth :: essays research papers Not all American legends live a wonderful life. For example, there was Babe Ruth. In the early years of the 1900's, the baseball life of 'The Great Bambino' had begun. The legend of Babe Ruth, born George Ruth, Jr., is considered by many to be the greatest baseball player. For instance, everybody knows how great a hitter Babe was, and virtually invented the homerun. But, not everybody knows what a great person he was when it came to children. Babe Ruth possessed the attribute of being brutal and incorrigible. He had many distinct characteristics. He is known primarily for his great baseball exploits and secondary as a man who stayed out late before every game and partied until there was no one left to party with. There is more behind the story of Babe Ruth than just baseball and parties. For instance, as a boy, Ruth was your average youth who got himself into a little too much trouble and really paid the price for it. He stole from stores, he skipped school, and chewed tobacco at the age of seven. His father often beat him because he thought young George was incorrigible. So his father took him to an orphanage. Not only did his father sent him to an orphanage, but signed over custody of his son to the Xaverian Brothers, whom were missionaries that ran St. Mary?s. St. Mary?s was the orphanage that Babe Ruth grew up at. Even though Babe did not realize it at the time, he came into a good thing. That?s where he met Brother Matthias, his mentor. Brother Matthias took young Ruth under his wing and taught him to read, write, do needle work, play baseball, and right from wrong. Ruth showed startling natural talent with a bat, so Brother Matthias tried to round young George into a complete baseball player by teaching him to pitch and outfield. Ruth said, ?Brother Matthi as was the greatest man I ever knew?. Soon after, Babe changed the game of baseball. Ruth is perhaps the most recognized player in Major league Baseball history. Where he was, the fans followed, the attendance was always the greatest in his presence. He is by far America?s greatest sports hero. Aside from being a great ball player, he was also a husband and a father. He cared more for his family than he liked to show.

Ideas of Charles Cooley

Charles Cooley was born on 17th August 1864 and died on 8th May1929. He was George Mead’s contemporary, and each greatly influenced the other’s thinking. Like Mead, Cooley believed that social interaction is the basis of the socialization process. Cooley saw the individual and society as parts of a whole, not as separate entities. In Cooley’s theory, each individual is linked to the social world mainly through the looking glass self. His own self-examination and observation of his children aided him in forming his concepts of the looking-glass self and primary groups.This essay focuses on the looking glass self theory of Charles Cooley and his other ideas. Sociologist Charles Cooley is best known for his concept of looking glass self, the theory that self-image is formed largely by the message we get from others, and an individual’s interpretation of those messages. Cooley argued that a person’s self grows out of a person’s transaction with o thers. One’s consciousness of him or herself is a reflection of the ideas about him or herself that he or she attributes to other minds; thus, there can be no isolated selves.In other words Cooley says that we see ourselves as we think others see us. For example, when learning table manners children develop a sense of what others find acceptable and as they a taught they become socialized. Through the looking glass, we learn that we are intelligent or dull, attractive or unattractive. Cooley argues that the judgments of some people in our lives are more important than judgments of others, for example a spouse’s compliment or low opinion may have a greater effect on someone’s self perception than the same comment made by some stranger.The lingering influence of significant of others helps explain how we can sometimes maintain a positive self image at times when many people look down on us, or negative self image when many people think well of us. The looking glas s self is a simple and domestic metaphor for the way society’s image for us becomes incorporated into our own self image. The looking-glass self begins at an early age and continues throughout a person’s entire life as one will never stop modifying their self unless all social interactions cease.We do not see ourselves us through the eyes of others quite as literally as we see ourselves in an actual mirror. Our notion of how others see us may not be quite accurate and we may also be evaluated differently by different people. What others think of you is no doubt very important in making your self-image and as a result, who you are and what you do. According to Cooley, we gain a definition of our self in three steps: firstly through the beliefs about how we appear to others, secondly through the beliefs about their judgments of how we appear to them and thirdly the response to the imagined judgment.Through the imagined judgment we develop pride, shame, improved self-este em, slightly damaged self-esteem, and other attributes of the self. Once Cooley had established his theory of the self, he then focused his analysis on the human groupings that he conceived to be primary and secondary in linking man with his society and in integrating individuals into the social fabric. Cooley defined primary groups as those small groups in which all the members have enduring, intimate face-to-face interaction and cooperation. Cooley coined the term primary for these groups because they include the family, our first social group, and social linkages.Close friends, children’s play groups, and perhaps some neighbors and some work groups also constitute primary groups. As Cooley explains, primary groups are important in forming the social nature and ideals of individuals. In primary groups, members value each other as individuals and achieve from personal fulfillment. They do things that will benefit the group, without expectation of payment or self-serving bene fit. Example, one member of a family might wash laundry or perform housework that benefits all members.On the other hand, secondary groups are larger groups in which all members do not interact directly and have relationships that are not permanent. Members do not share intimate bonds like those in primary groups. People do join these groups for benefits in some way. They may leave the group or join other groups when they feel like it is necessary. However, these groups may still have some shared norms and sense of group identity. Examples of secondary groups include office workers and students in an exercise class. These groups are also important to our views of ourselves, but less to the primary groups.The notions of the looking-glass self and the primary group are closely related in Cooley's views. The reactions to the thoughts of others is the mark of the mature human and according to Cooley can be developed and fostered only in the close and intimate interactions of the primary group. Hence, this group is the cell in which characteristically human growth takes place. In the primary group the immature and self-centered person is slowly attuned to the needs and desires of others and becomes fitted to the give-and-take of mature social life.The primary group fosters the ability to put oneself into the position of others, drawing the individual out of egotistic isolation by building into him that sensitivity to the clues of others without which social life would be impossible. The differences between primary and secondary groups are as follows, primary groups are smaller because it consists of few members and this helps develop its members personal relations among themselves while secondary groups are larger and due to its size the members do not have personal relations. Relation is natural in primary groups and formal in secondary groups.Also the position of members is determined by his work or function in secondary groups but in primary groups, the position of each person is determined on the basis of the family. Cooley’s sociology is holistic. He stressed about the systematic relationships between social processes in society. He argued that each aspect of society was dependent on others for its growth and survival. If we say that society is an organism, we mean that it is a complex form of processes each of which is living and growing by interaction with the others, the whole being so unified that what takes place in one part affects all the rest.In addition to these essential concerns, Cooley, like W. I Thomas & George H Mead made a crucial important contribution to sociological method. Independently of Max Weber but roughly the same time as he, they argued that the study of human actions must be concerned with the meanings human actors attach to the situation in which they find themselves hence the study must go beyond purely behavioral description. Cooley believed that the social sciences deprived themselves of their best m aterial by leaving out human motives for action.Cooley emphasized that the study of the human social world must be centered upon attempts to examine the subjective meanings human actors attribute to their actions, and that such meanings must be studied in part through ‘understanding' rather than through exclusive reliance on the reporting of behavior. Cooley's theories provided evidence in response to a threefold necessity that had developed within the society. The first of which was the necessity to create an understanding of ocietal phenomena that highlighted the subjective mental processes of individuals yet realized that these subjective processes were effects and causes of society's processes. The second necessity examined the development of a social dynamic conception that pictured states of chaos as natural occurrences which could provide opportunities for â€Å"adaptive innovation. † Finally, a need to demonstrate that people were capable of exerting some form o f â€Å"informed moral control† over current problems and future directions.In conclusion, Charles Cooley is known in sociology most commonly for his development for the looking glass self. Cooley was one of the first to define the exact importance that society plays in forming the individual. He was also renowned for discovering human groups within the society stating that there are primary and secondary groupings that link man to society each having different, however, similar functions. Moreover, he argued that society is like an organism in the sense that each aspect of society is dependent on the other in order to survive.Furthermore Cooley argued that the study of human actions must be concerned with the meanings humans attach to the activity. Finally, Cooley’s theories provided evidence in response to a threefold necessity that developed within the society – necessities to create an understanding of social phenomena, a necessity that examined a social dyn amic conception and a need to demonstrate that people were capable of exerting some form of informed moral control.Bibliography Coser L. A, Masters of Sociological Thought, 2nd Ed, Aarcourt Brace & Company, New York, 1977. Levine, D. N, Visions of the Sociological Tradition. The University of Chicago Press, 1995 Starks, R. Sociology. 10th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. Stolley, K. S, The Basics of Sociology, Greenwood Press, Westport Connecticut, 2005

Book Review: Soft Skills for Success

Author informationGRK Murty, a postgraduate in Agricultural sciences with CAIIB, DM and PG Diploma in Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, is currently working for The ICFAI University, as Associate Dean. Earlier, he worked at AP Agricultural University, Hyderabad for six years and later with Bank of India for 27 years. He had a stint at Bank of India Management Development Institute, Mumbai as a faculty member and Vice- Principal. He took voluntary retirement as Asst. General Manager in the year 2000.He has published around 45 papers in Science, Banking, Management and Insurance journals. He has also presented papers on Banking and Insurance at National and International seminars. He has published 100 articles in finance and HR magazines. He has to his credit two edited books: Forex Markets: Exchange Rate Dynamics; and Derivatives Markets – Vol 1. He is the Consulting Editor for the ICFAI Journal of Bank Management.The Book There is a popular belief that in todayâ⠂¬â„¢s fast changing and challenging business environment, ‘soft skills’ are more critical for success than hard skills. This is a misconception. The reality is that it has always been that way! Nobody in history ever succeeded in delivering a great executive and business performance consistently through hard skills alone. General and widespread awareness of the tremendous importance of soft skills in management is, of course, a more recent phenomenon. As the world has become  more and more competitive in recent decades, organizations are finding that under-productivity and incompetence of their personnel are becoming less and less affordable.And when the factors determining employee effectiveness are analyzed, many organizations find glaring inadequacies in soft skills, undermining the effectiveness of their smartest, hardest working and most knowledgeable employees/executives. The managers concerned would not have been recruited in the first place for their soft ski lls; at the recruitment stage, their domain knowledge alone would have been comprehensively tested and retested. Nor would they have received any particularly meaningful training subsequently in soft skills improvement, because until recently, soft skills seldom received the attention they deserved. Most organizations worked on the premise that soft skills are inherited skills and they cannot be acquired.At best, they can only be cultivated, honed or fine-tuned along the way in a managerial or executive career through observation and experience. In the actual experience of many organizations, such hopes seem to have been significantly belied, inevitably warranting resort, in recent decades, to a more professional approach for the enrichment of this critically important managerial input within the organization. The imperatives of competitiveness pushed organizations to give increased attention to the soft skills of their people, which seemed to really script the success of organizati ons better than mere hard skills. The problem has been extensively discussed and researched upon, resulting in the emergence of a whole lot of literature on the subject in the last couple of decades.A lot of work has been done on the assessment of soft skills and on the various measures for improvements in the levels of such skills across the cadres in many progressive organizations. Soft Skills for Success by GRK Murty, discusses the whole gamut of soft skills in a lucid, persuasive and self-explanatory fashion, between the covers of a well-written, 200-page volume. The treatment is intended for the lay reader and is quite free from jargon. Even so, the book is comprehensive without being pedantic. By drawing generously upon the views, ideas and thoughts of a wide spectrum of management experts, academics and business magnates and matching them with the traditional wisdom of the prescriptions of oriental and occidental scriptures and classics, the book invests itself with credibili ty and authority. The author organizes the book in four sections.The first section  titled â€Å"Know Thyself† introduces the reader to a definition and description of soft skills. The second section focuses on role, role perception and the management of role-conflicts in the work situation. It has a chapter exclusively dedicated to the discussion of creativity in the workplace. The third section on â€Å"Communication and Personality Differentiation† offers cogent and well argued essays on communication skills, listening skills and negotiating skills, in separate chapters. The fourth and final section is dedicated to interpersonal skills. The six interesting chapters in this section deal with issues like assertiveness, handling of interpersonal conflicts, counseling, leadership, mentoring, etc.CriticismThe author provides a systematic and uncomplicated treatment of the various topics taken up for coverage. The book is compact without being dense, and takes the reade r through a guided tour of the soft skills domain. It is an interesting and informative excursion. Given the importance of the subject matter of the book to the aspirants in the employment market as also to those already pursuing careers in management (adequately equipped with appropriate hard skills for jobs but looking out for reinforcement of soft skills), and given the orderly and stimulating manner in which the subject has been presented, it can fairly and safely be predicted that the book would see several reprints in the years to come.ConclusionSoft Skills are intangible, hard to define but that’s what makes us a whole human being, a social individual. Successful people are always found to be not just professional but they also have these ‘PLUS’ qualities – ‘soft skills’ – that others do not posses

Consenting AdultsThe Idea of Consent in the Works of Locke and Rousseau essays

Consenting AdultsThe Idea of Consent in the Works of Locke and Rousseau essays The idea of consent is a key element in the works of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In the Second Treatise of Government, Locke puts forth his conception of the ideal form of government based on a social contract. As Locke develops his theory of consent, he also incorporates theories of political obligation on the part of all citizens of his state as well as his theory of revolution and the conditions under which rebellion is permissible. Though Locke may appear to have explored the notion of consent completely, there are some problems with his theory that weaken its impact. Despite the possible problems encountered with Lockes idea of consent in a political society, Rousseau, in his essay On the Social Contract, seems to agree with Locke with regards to the concept of consent as it applies to the use of money. The works of Locke and Rousseau explore political foundations that depend on a social contract which requires consent above all things in order to secure liberty f or the people. John Locke powerfully details the benefits of consent as a principle element of government, guaranteed by a social contract. Locke believes in the establishment of a social compact among people of a society that is unique in its ability to eliminate the state of nature. Locke feels the contract must end the state of nature agreeably because in the state of nature every one has executive power of the law of nature(742). This is a problem because men are then partial to their own cases and those of their friends and may become vindictive in punishments of enemies. Therefore, Locke maintains that a government must be established with the consent of all that will restrain the partiality and violence of men(744). People must agree to remove themselves from the punishing and judging processes and create impartiality in a government so that the true equality of men can be preserved. Wit...

How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Essay Example

How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Essay Example How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Paper How did Dickens change the character of Scrooge Paper Essay Topic: Literature Life in Victorian times was often hard. There were rich people and also lots of poor people at that time. Charles Dickens wrote this book to make people aware of the plight of the children of the Poor. A Christmas Carol is a novella that describes a character called Ebenezer Scrooge who was a greedy old man who was tight-fisted, miserly, squeezing, wrenching and scraping. He was a man who had a hard heart as the shell of a cloyster. Scrooge was an emotionally cold man who had no passion for anybody. Due to all his sinful acts, the ghost of his long gone partner and friend Joseph Marley visited him and told him he would be visited by three ghosts, Ghost of his Christmas Past, Present and Future if he did not change. After he had been visited by all these ghosts the transformation in his life began and he finally became a jovial, cheerful hearted person. At the beginning of the novella, Scrooges character was unbearable and was also awful to people. Scrooge never liked Christmas or Charity. Caring for the poor of the sick were not his best behavior. He didnt even care and show love to his workers especially Bob Crachit his clerk. He showed his hatred to Bob Crachit by not giving him coal to replenish his fire even though Bob did not have enough. He always kept an eye on the clerk to see if he was working or not. Scrooge also showed a bad attitude to his nephew who came to him and asked him if he would come and dine with them on Christmas day. Scrooge refused and called Christmas Humbug he also said to his nephew . What right have you to be merry? Youre poor enough. But the nephew behaved in a more reasonable way by not replying in a violent manner. Scrooge also behaved greedily by not giving money to the gentlemen who came for money to the poor. But not only did scrooge behaved greedily but he also used abusive words saying . If they would rather die, they better do it, and decrease the surplus population.. . On Christmas Eve Scrooge was visited by the ghost of his long gone friend/partner Jacob Marley. Scrooge was scared seeing Jacob Marley and he was shocked at the tone at the way Marley spoke. Marley knew that Scrooge didnt believed in him so he went straight to the point about why he had come. He told Scrooge that he should change his ways. He should start liking Christmas and he should give to charity and his behavior should improve. Marley also warned him that if he does not change his ways he would be working all over the earth like he was, that he wouldnt move on after death. He also told Scrooge that he would be visited by three ghosts, Ghost of Christmas Past, ghost of Christmas present and ghost of Christmas Future ( If he does not change). Jacob Marley also told Scrooge to change for the better so that he would have real when he dies. Scrooge thought on what Marley said when Marley went and he was quite prepared for the first ghost. At the struck of One oclock. Scrooge woke up and from the curtains came a brighten shine light. And lo and Behold there was a soft gentle voice which called Scrooge and took him to the town where he studied in school as a boy. As a boy Scrooge was lonely and was often in the boarding school even when his friends went home for holidays. This was due to the hatred of his father towards him Scrooge often red fantasy storybooks like Ali Baba to comfort himself. Scrooge felt very sad for his younger self. The ghost asked him what was wrong but Scrooge answered oh nothing, there was a boy singing a Christmas Carol at my door last night, I should like to have given him something thats all. The ghost smiled. The ghost later showed him the Feeziwigs party where scrooge learnt that it wasnt wealth that matters it is the state of your heart. After Scrooge observed the way the Feeziwigs treated there workers Scrooge wished he could say a word or two to his clerk Bob Crachit. A;; this things the ghost were showing him were for him to see how his past was and what made him a selfish, greedy man that he was. The ghost then showed him his fianci e Belle who he neglected in favour of the wealth. Scrooge sees Belles happy family and realizes what he had missed. He shows this saying The children of Belle might had called me father He showed grieve saying Remove me from this place Remove me! Take me back, Haunt me no longer! . The ghost saw that he felt bad and he wished he had longer. People speak of Scrooge in bad way, Example of one these people is Mrs. Crachit who was very angry when her husband said a toast should be given to Scrooge. She shows this by saying I wish I had him here. Id give him a piece of my mind to feast upon, and I hope hed have a good appetite for it. When Scrooge heard this he felt morose and remorse, sad. He felt as if he had been a good man from the start of his life. Also from the beginning of the chapter we saw that the transformation in Scrooges life as started picking up speed because he said to the ghost of the Christmas Present I want to learn something from what you would show me. After that the ghost showed him all around to the countryside where he saw people that are not all that wealthy but celebrate Christmas. Scrooge learnt from them. The ghost led Scrooge to his nephew Fred to go and show him how Christmas is celebrated there. In Freds house Fred and is friends, cousins played a guessing game where people had to guess who Fred was thinking about. It was Freds turn and he said someone was an animal who was he. Everybody guessed who it was but they failed until Freds cousin said Scrooge and she was right. But Fred gave a toast to Scrooge without feeling bad. Scrooge feeling bad as well. At the Crachits house Scrooge looked at tiny Time and he asked the ghost maybe he would live. But unfortunately the ghost said if Scrooge doesnt change the boy would die. The ghost also used Scrooges words against him .. What then? If he like to die, he had better do it and decrease the surplus population.. Scrooge was overcome with grief and penitence because his own words had been used against him. After the visit of the last scary ghost (Phantom) Scrooge met himself inside is bedroom his curtains, furniture and his bed were still there. He remembered the promise he had made to the phantom saying I will live in the Past, The Present and the Future The spirits of all three shall strive within me . He truly wanted to keep his promise. On Christmas morning Scrooge started enjoying Christmas and he sent a whole large Turkey to the Crachits family. He also told the two men in the beginning of the novella that he would also contribute to Charity. From this part the language Scrooge uses were jovial, light-hearted, cheerful, good honored language. Scrooge became a jovial and happy man. He greeted everyone he found one the way Merry Christmas. He had become a totally changed man. We know this due to the language he uses in the beginning of the novella which were miserable, pathetic and were not joyful. He normally uses words like Bah, Humbug which means rubbish. He also used an awful language against the men that came to him for the money for Charity, Scrooge never liked anything good but again he never uses his money to enjoy himself. Scrooge had changed in all circumstances. He liked Christmas. He never despises the poor again and he gives to Charity. He enjoyed working with Bob Crachit again he doubled Bobs salary so that he could feed his starving family much better. He also saw that Tiny Tim does not die and he became more like a father to him. In the whole novella Charles Dickens showed how a greedy old man changes through all the sights and experiences he has learnt to became a joyful and happy man. Charles Dickens also made us know that behavior like Scrooges would get one nowhere in life. It also makes us know or learn that one should be responsible for each other.

Please, Please Do Your Homework Before Pitching

Please, Please Do Your Homework Before Pitching Frequently I receive emails from prospective writers asking what I seek for FundsforWriters. Some go as far as to ask what I pay, how I pay, and how quickly I pay without so much as a hint to what they propose to write. While I know cultures change from country to country, even state to state, the fact is its rather presumptuous to ask how youre going to get paid before you demonstrate youre a writer. If you wish to pitch a magazine, website, newsletter, anthology or prospective client, please do the following first: 1) Read up all you can on the entity before you make a connection. If its a magazine, study the ads, the old articles, and the masthead to see how many articles are usually written in-staff versus freelance. And if they have guidelines, 2) Have a website or blog that demonstrates who you are and what you are capable of doing. 3) Know what youd like to pitch to the publication after understanding what they need. When you pitch, do NOT say the following: 1) You are a new writer seeking to break in. 2) You want to know how and when youll get paid. 3) You want the editor to tell you what to write. 4) You cannot find the guidelines. 5) You are retired, a student, a stay-at-home mom, disabled, a PhD candidate, etc. unless that has everything to do with what you are pitching. Its all about the article and your experience in writing THAT article, not your lifes history or ID. When you pitch, the editor absolutely wants the following: 1) A memo to them personally, not the team, or the editor, or to whom it may concern. 2) A pitch for a story that matches the publication perfectly. 3) Enough

Malicious softwares Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Malicious softwares - Essay Example These malware programs tend to infect systems and bundle other programs by attaching themselves as macros to computer files. These malware programs are also installed through the exploitation of a vulnerable spot in an operating system, a network spot, or even a hole that is existent in a browser. For these programs to cause harm to the computer, they have to multiply; which is a basic characteristic for them. Worms and viruses have the ability to alter the normal operation of an operating system; inflicting various kernel-level items (Christodorescu et al. 2007). These kernel items carry specific information with them that act as an indicator to existence of malware programs in the computer. As these malwares attach themselves to the computer, they tend to interact with various programs and increase their level of sophistication in order to combat anti-malware solutions. Some types of viruses enter into the user computer systems through the email systems as well as the address books. These viruses present themselves in a manner to suggest their validity and objectivity from coming from a trusted host source. The execution of the host code supplements the execution of the viral code. The virus program is then able to destroy the host program and attach itself into the computer. However, not all viruses have the ability to overwrite other programs especially with their replicate copies (Gragido 2013). Some only infect the boot sector and move the data in the selected boot sector.